Subcultures bring together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity. The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music, and other visible affectations by members of subcultures. Additionally, sociologists study the ways in which these symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Some subcultures achieve such a status that they acquire a name. Members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot.
Examples of subcultures could include bikers, military personnel, and Star Trek fans. It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style—particularly clothing and music—may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society.
One idea may have compounded the issue: that Filipinos should look inward for aspects of Filipino culture. There is no modern Philippine indigenous culture. An example of xenocentrism is preferring imported cars to American cars. All other cultures are inferior. Ethnocentrism leads to racism. Necrophobia is a type of specific phobia that involves a fear of dead things and things that are associated with death.
What is the difference between fear of public speaking and an anxiety disorder? Those with a fear over public speaking can get over it whereas those with a anxiety disorder may need to get professional help.
People with social anxiety disorder feel very nervous and uncomfortable in social situations like meeting new people. Or they might feel very anxious when they have to do something in front of other people, like talking in a meeting.
This generated many subsequent publications on how to manage. Looking at the big picture, subcultures and countercultures are both cultures that have their own values and norms. They are both capable of being a culture within a culture.
A subculture is a smaller culture that exists within a larger culture but fit within the dominant culture, where as a counterculture is an opposition to the norms of society and contradict the dominant culture and norms. Both cultures dress and behave in different ways than average citizens of a society and are usually identifiable by their different appearances. Cultural leveling is the process of interaction between cultures in the process of travelling and communicating.
It is most seen in dominant cultures such as the Americans and British who love to tour the world hence displaying their cultures to new people. Cultural diffusion is when cultures are learned or adopted from other groups while cultural leveling is when cultures become the same. They are similar in that there is interaction of different groups in both cases.
An example of cultural diffusion today takes place when people are exposed to foreign cultures. It occurs when students are offered scholarships to study in other countries where they learn new ways of living and adopt them. Another example of cultural diffusion is how basketball is now a huge part of the Japanese culture. A counter culture is one that reacts against the prevalent culture in place and swings the pendulum in the opposite direction.
In fact the term counter culture has a political implication that it is working directly against the mainstream culture in place to cause societal change. A counter culture is different to the mainstream culture in their politics, norms, social beliefs, way of dress and social structures. A counter culture generally develops a large enough following to challenge the dominant culture of the time and they are actively working at odds with the mainstream culture.
A clear example of counter cultures throughout the last century might be the suffragettes and feminists, hippies and punk movements.
All of these counter cultures have specific beliefs and values that fought to affect some kind of essential change to mainstream culture. The suffragettes fought to have the vote for women and later equal rights; the hippies broke down previously held gender stereotypes and protested against the Vietnam War and the punk movement of the seventies and early eighties sought to be anti-establishment and anti-capitalist.
A sub culture can have its own beliefs, norms and values, but they are generally able to exist within mainstream culture. That is, their political beliefs and social structures may not be as outspoken as those of a counter culture. Their beliefs or manner of being may be different enough to make them stand out, but they are not at odds with society.
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