When it comes to plants, there's no stopping your imagination. Moss, ferns, trees, flowering plants, grass, etc. We eat them, we grow them on our windowsills, we sit under their shade, we walk on them, we weed them, and in some cases we even wear them down the catwalk. Plants are further divided into different types. There are bryophytes includes mosses , seedless vascular plants includes ferns , gymnosperms includes Christmas trees , and angiosperms includes the dozen roses you forgot to buy on V-Day.
The diversity of plants is further laid out for you here. They are multicellular. They are autotrophs. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose. Plant cells have chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis. They alternate generations. It's not too hard to pick out a plant. The green color and growth in a fixed place is usually a good indicator.
Plants are green due to a pigment called chlorophyll in their chloroplasts, the organelles that perform photosynthesis. Because they perform photosynthesis, all plants are autotrophs that make their own food.
This doesn't stop some of them from snacking on us. Okay, so that never really happens. But there are still some plants that enjoy the occasional beetle. Hey, we all have our weaknesses. The cell walls of plants are largely made up of cellulose , a different sugar polymer than the chitin that makes up fungal cell walls. Cellulose is a compound that is strong like a bull. It gives plant cells, and therefore the entire plant, the strength to carry the weight of heavy branches, leaves, and 1, migrating birds.
It also gives plants a defined, rigid shape. Plant reproduction can also be a little variable, but they share the common feature of alternating generations.
One generation is known as the sporophyte generation , and these family members produce a reproductive spore. These spores can create new plants in some species that are genetically identical to their parents, just like the fungal spores did. However, the plant that arises out of a spore will be part of the gametophyte generation and usually doesn't look much like its parent at all. This plant will produce gametes through meiosis eggs or sperm that need to fuse with another gamete to produce the next plant.
These gametophyte-producing organisms are tinier—like what you'd find if you cracked open a pinecone or looked under a fern. It's also the next eukaryotic kingdom on our list to discuss. No worries. You can continue singing "Hakuna Matata" here, too. It'll come as no surprise that this is also a pretty diverse kingdom.
Still, there are a few things we can hold onto as common characteristics:. They are heterotrophs. They do not have cell walls. Embryonic development involves a blastula. Of these distinguishing characteristics, the term blastula probably caught your eye as a newbie. After an egg and sperm combine, the new organism forms a blastula in early embryonic development when making a bebe. A blastula is a sphere of cells with a fluid-filled, hollow middle region—like a chocolate-covered cherry without the cherry.
All animals go through this blastula-stage, but no other organism does. There's a difference in what happens during this blastula stage, though. After animals form a blastula, cells move inwards towards this fluid space. This creates an opening called a blastopore. In protostomes , this blastopore later develops into the animal's mouth.
In deuterostomes , this blastopore develops into the anus, with a mouth developing on the opposite side. A cross section of a blastula is a hollow sphere of cells. All animals evolved from one common ancestor, likely some sort of protist. The different types of animals and their phyla have been organized for you in this helpful little table. In order to appreciate how these different phyla evolved from each other, let's pick out some key terms. Most animals, except sponges, are organized into different tissues , or layers of specialized cells with a common function.
The easiest way to think about this is your skin tissue, but different tissues also make up your own organs and muscles. Some animals are all Jello-like, like jellyfish. However, some animals like insects and clams have a hard exoskeleton on the outside of their body to maintain their shape and keep them safe.
Vertebrates like us, as well as sponges and echinoderms, have endoskeletons or internal skeletons that keep us "in shape" and lookin' good. Not all skeletons are alike, however, and skeletons can be comprised of specialized tissues, compounds, or proteins. You may have noticed this talk of symmetry. If you could somehow divide a jellyfish into quarters and keep its tentacles from waving around, you'd notice it had symmetry around the middle of its umbrella-like top.
Animalia animals Facebook. Read more Classification Kingdom Animalia animals Animalia: information 1 Animalia: pictures Animalia: specimens Animalia: sounds Animalia: maps Aplacophora: information 1 Aplacophora: pictures 5.
Arthropoda: information 1 Arthropoda: pictures Arthropoda: specimens Arthropoda: sounds Bivalvia: information 1 Bivalvia: pictures 53 Bivalvia: specimens 58 Bivalvia: maps Brachiopoda: information 1 Brachiopoda: pictures 5. Bryozoa: information 1 Bryozoa: pictures Cephalopoda: information 1 Cephalopoda: pictures 25 Cephalopoda: specimens 2. Chaetognatha: information 1 Chaetognatha: pictures 7. Chordata: information 1 Chordata: pictures Chordata: specimens Chordata: sounds Cnidaria: information 1 Cnidaria: pictures Cnidaria: specimens 7.
Ctenophora: information 1 Ctenophora: specimens 1. Cycliophora: information 1 Cycliophora: pictures 1. Echinodermata: information 1 Echinodermata: pictures 64 Echinodermata: specimens Entoprocta: information 1 Entoprocta: pictures 4 Entoprocta: specimens 2. Gastropoda: information 1 Gastropoda: pictures Gastropoda: specimens Gastrotricha: information 1. Likewise, scientists split the autotroph classification into photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.
The former, including plants and algae, perform photosynthesis using the energy from light to fix carbon. Chemoautotrophs, which are mostly bacteria and archaea living in extreme environments such as near volcanic vents on the ocean floor, get the energy to fix carbon from inorganic sources like hydrogen sulfide or ammonia.
Eric Moll began writing professionally in Related Articles Nutritional Types of Bacteria. Types of Heterotrophic Bacteria. What Are the Characteristics of the Protista Kingdom? How Do Bacteria Feed? Five Levels of the Biosphere. What Are the Five Subdivisions of Kingdoms? Animalia Kingdom Facts.
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