The common-sense trajectory seems to be the use of the word in relation to domestic animals, then children, then adults affectionately, then romantically. Habiba Tworuschka Supporter. What was the s era called? Generally the s is the Great Depression era where the world's economy had collapsed following the Wall Street Crash. It is generally considered a time of great suffering in America, Britain and much of Europe. Cezar Domezain-Malie Supporter. How were the s and s similar?
The 's and 's were two very different centuries. The 20's were a time of wealth, prosperity, and a huge sense of national pride, while in the 30's those things seemed to be drowned in the grief of the depression. These shows and such cost too much for the average person in the 30's. Lazar Emde Supporter. What is meant by the line the Roaring Twenties was put to a halt? Fausti Mertyn Beginner. What were some of the cultural conflicts of the s and what causes them?
The s was a decade of deep cultural conflict. Immigration, race, alcohol, evolution, gender politics, and sexual morality all became major cultural battlefields during the s.
Wets battled drys, religious modernists battled religious fundamentalists, and urban ethnics battled the Ku Klux Klan. Sidy Vyaltsev Beginner. Why were advertisements so successful in the s? Advertising in the s. Advertising as it is known today finds its roots in the industrial expansion of the s.
By developing repeat customers, advertising also helped build brand loyalty for the company. Brand loyalty helps sell other existing and new products to these same customers.
Soufyane Romirer Beginner. What dances were popular in the s? Both the Tango and Waltz have several variations to them. One of the more popular dances of the s, which was still seen on dance floors into the s, was the Lindy Hop, which later became known as the Jitterbug.
The Lindy Hop was the original swing dance. Ask A Question. Co-authors: October 29, The s could be considered a decade of progress for women and minorities for a multitude of reasons.
One of these reasons is that the nineteenth amendment was passed giving women the right to vote. Another reason is that women were being recognized as consumers and many new technologies were created for their usage.
Another reason is that many minorities were recognized for their musical talent by playing in places such as the cotton club. The s could be considered a period of regression for women and minorities for many reasons.
One of these reasons is minorities were companies last options for hiring. Many minorities were without jobs because of this. Another reason is some companies that had many minority employees became obsolete, taking jobs away from many minorities. Railroad workers Another reason is minorities that fought in the war and even those who gained rank were excluded from celebrations and were not recognized for their service.
The Ku Klux Klan was a group that hindered the process of the s. The hate group had an influx of new members during this time and targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and foreigners in their communities.
The violence and hate the Klan impacted the movement for equal rights by protesting against it through violent acts. Comments are not published until reviewed by NCpedia editors at the State Library of NC , and the editors reserve the right to not publish any comment submitted that is considered inappropriate for this resource.
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User Tags:. Nineteenth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment. The improvements resulting from an improved economy included the large-scale diffusion and use of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, and electricity; unprecedented industrial growth; accelerated consumer demand and aspirations; and significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media moved away from the hardships of war and focused on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars, as cities rooted for their home teams and filled the new palatial movie theaters and gigantic stadiums.
In most major countries, women had the opportunity to vote for the first time. The Roaring Twenties was a fruitful period for the arts, music, and writing. The Art Deco movement was popular among designers and architects, fashion for women went in bold new directions, and jazz music became all the rage. In literature, two popular movements or groups of writers arose: The Lost Generation and the Harlem Renaissance.
The Lost Generation were young people who came out of World War I disillusioned and cynical about the world. The term usually refers to American literary notables who lived in Paris at the time, including Ernest Hemingway, F.
Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein. These expatriate authors wrote novels and short stories expressing their resentment toward the materialism and individualism that was rampant during the era. Scott Fitzgerald, : American expatriate author F. Harlem also played a key role in the development of dance styles and the popularity of dance clubs. With several famous entertainment venues such as the Apollo Theater and the Cotton Club, Harlem attracted people from all walks of life, races, and classes.
Art Deco was the style of design and architecture that marked the era. Originating in Europe, it spread to North America in the mids and developed in a different direction than that of Europe.
Expressionism, and later surrealism, were the preferred styles in Europe during the s. Art Deco, already globally popular, found favor among designers in America as the s progressed, culminating with the opening of Radio City Music Hall in With this exposure, women in the s began staking claim to their own bodies and becoming sexually liberated. This freedom also extended to their intellectual pursuits, as the era spawned progressive thinkers such as Sigmund Freud and the expansion of coeducational programs in which women took places at state colleges and universities alongside men.
If freedom was the mindset of the Roaring Twenties, then jazz was the soundtrack. Following the war, many jazz musicians migrated from New Orleans to major northern cities such as Chicago and New York, leading to a wider dispersal of jazz as different styles developed in different cities.
Because of its popularity in speakeasies and its advancement due to the emergence of more advanced recording devices, jazz became very popular in a short amount of time, with stars including Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Ella Fitzgerald, and Chick Webb. Jazz and other energetic art forms also helped with the expansion of mass market entertainment such as radio and film.
Duke Ellington : Duke Ellington led a renowned jazz orchestra that frequently played the Cotton Club during the Harlem Renaissance of the s. Radio became the first mass broadcasting medium during the s. Radio sets were initially expensive, but the medium of entertainment and information transmission proved revolutionary.
Radio advertising became the grandstand for mass marketing and its economic importance led to the mass culture that has since dominated society. The first national radio networks came into being during this period, with the launch of the National Broadcasting Company in and the Columbia Broadcasting System in Unsurprisingly, was also the year that introduced a new era of regulation with the establishment of the Federal Radio Commission, ensuring the government played a role in the growth and oversight of the industry.
Hollywood also boomed during this period, producing a new form of entertainment that shut down the old vaudeville theaters: the silent film.
Watching a movie was cheap and accessible, creating a profitable market that saw crowds surging into new downtown movie palaces and neighborhood theaters. Prohibition was a national ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol that lasted from to The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.
Constitution banning alcohol was implemented through the Volstead Act, which went into effect on January 17, Speakeasies, illegal nightclubs where alcohol was sold, became popular and plentiful as the legally dry years progressed. The ban led to a groundswell of criminal activity, with powerful gangs controlling the sale and distribution of alcohol and a number of related activities including gambling and prostitution. Prohibition continued until its repeal in the Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution in Prohibition outlawed alcohol for 13 years, splitting the nation morally and politically while empowering organized crime.
Effective enforcement of the ban proved to be difficult, however, and led to widespread flouting of the law, as well as a massive escalation of organized crime.
On October 28, , the Eighteenth Amendment to the U. This effort lacked centralized authority, however, and many attempts to impose Prohibition were inhibited by the lack of transparency between federal and state authorities. The matter of geography presented further complications in that valleys, mountains, lakes, and swamps, as well as the extensive seaways, ports, and massive borders running along Canada and Mexico, made it exceedingly difficult to stop bootleggers intent on avoiding detection.
Detroit police with confiscated brewery equipment : Enforcement of Prohibition was a major challenge throughout the s due to a lack of coordination between law enforcement agencies and the difficulties of detecting and apprehending bootleggers. While the commercial manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol was illegal, Section 29 of the Volstead Act allowed private citizens to make wine and cider from fruit, but not beer, in their homes.
Up to gallons per year could be produced, with some vineyards growing grapes for purported home use. In addition to this loophole, the wording of the act did not specifically prohibit the consumption of alcohol. In anticipation of the ban, many people stockpiled wines and liquors during the latter part of before alcohol sales became illegal in January As Prohibition continued, people began to perceive it as illustrative of class distinctions, since it unfairly favored social elites.
Working-class people were enraged that their employers could dip into a cache of private stock while they were unable to afford similar indulgences. The rift between the Dries and the Wets over alcohol consumption and sales largely hinged on the long-running, historical debate over whether drinking was morally acceptable in light of the antisocial behavior that overindulgence could cause. Powerful gangs corrupted law enforcement agencies, leading to the blanket criminal activity of racketeering, which includes bribery, extortion, loan sharking, and money laundering.
By the end of the decade, Capone controlled all 10, Chicago speakeasies, illegal nightclubs where alcohol was sold, and ruled the bootlegging business from Canada to Florida. Numerous other crimes, including theft and murder, were directly linked to criminal activity in Chicago and other cities in violation of Prohibition.
A colorful figure notorious for a multitude of crimes related to his illegal alcohol operation, Capone was eventually imprisoned for tax evasion in To prevent bootleggers from using industrial ethyl alcohol to produce illegal beverages, the government ordered the poisoning of industrial alcohols.
Bootleggers combated this by hiring chemists who successfully renatured the alcohol to make it drinkable.
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